Natural rutile has many times the fire shown by diamond, but it is masked by the red, brown or black body colour. The black material has been used in mourning jewellery, but rutile is most usually seen as rich, reddish brown, needle-like inclusions within quartz or within other stones, where the rutile crystals create a star effect by reflecting light.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits in Australia, Brazil, USA, Italy, Mexico and Norway.
As per dopant used
Titanium Dioxide – TiO2
The material is found abundant as inclusions (silk, needles, crystals, etc.) in number of gemstones preferably in quartz, tourmaline, ruby and sapphire but large facet table crystals are quite rare therefore gemological importance lies in the synthetic counterpart produced by flame fusion method.
Tetragonal System
Facetted cuts, etc.
Generally clean, strong doubling giving a hazy appearance, dispersive fire
Anisotropic, D.R.; Uniaxial Positive
2.616 – 2.903 / 0.287
G.G.G. (dispersion, doubling, S.G.), Y.A.G. (dispersion, doubling), Synthetic Cubic Zirconia (S.G., dispersion, doubling), Diamond (dispersion, doubling), Strontium Titanate (dispersion, doubling), Sphene (doubling, dispersion, inclusions), Zircon (dispersion, spectrum), etc.
Very high doubling and dispersive fire.
Not diagnostic
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Gemstones are minerals or rocks that are present
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